To find out what files a package generated during installation.

dpkg -L packagename

We can also check the other way and find out what package a file belongs to:

dpkg -S /path/to/file

For the second command we need to use the full path as 'dpkg -S' just matches the string you supply it, so 'dpkg -S ls' matches any package that has a file with 'ls' anywhere in the filename.

The command below will give a list of the packages installed on a debian system sorted from smallest to largest (the order can be reveresed by adding an 'r' option to sort - 'sort -k2 -nr').

dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Package;-50}\t${Installed-Size}\n'  | sort -k2 -n